Basic Buddhist Teachings

The three marks of reality is a way in which Buddhist see the world as a whole. They recognize and accept that there is suffering in the world, that everything is in a constant state of change, and that nothing has a permanent identity. To Buddhists, this is reality.

The four noble truths are also accurate perceptions about life. They acknowledge that there is always going to be suffering, that there can be an end to suffering, and one can find escape from suffering. The way to be released from suffering is then linked to the noble eightfold path, and following it will help live a fulfilled life.

Acknowledge and accept that in all aspects of life, there will always be suffering.

By understanding desire, we learn that desire can be a harmful trait, because the need to obtain things only leads to a greater need, which will never be fully satisfied. Some things are obvious, such as food, but riches are not viewed as essential and can lead to a dissatisfied life of torment and continual want.

To end desire also means to end suffering. The two are interconnected. It is thought that by eliminating desire, some bad traits that are born from desire can also be eliminated. Traits (in this case, vices) such as greed and jealousy can be born from the desire for material possessions, and can ultimately lead to the suffering of others, and oneself. It is wise to be grateful for what one has, or one can never be grateful for more.

By following the noble eightfold path, one can expect release from suffering. Be kind and compassionate, but expect that there will be some suffering, and follow the noble eightfold path in its entirety, not as a systematic process.

The eightfold guide is listed as follows:

1. Right understanding I recognize the impermanence of life, the mechanism of desire, and the cause of suffering.

2. Right intention My thoughts and motives are pure, not tainted by my emotions and selfish desires.

3. Right speech I speak honestly and kindly, in positive ways, avoiding lies, exaggeration, harsh words.

4. Right action My actions do not hurt any other being that can feel hurt, including animals; I avoid stealing and sexual conduct that would bring hurt.

5. Right work My job does no harm to myself or others.

6. Right effort With moderation, I consistently strive to improve.

7.Right meditation (right mindfulness) I use the disciplines of meditation ( dhyana ) and focused awareness to contemplate the nature of reality more deeply.

8. Right contemplation I cultivate states of blissful inner peace (samadhi)

(Molloy, p.136).

Theravada

Theravada Buddhism is a conservative movement. It is said that Theravada is founded on the basis of protecting the early, exact teachings of the Buddha. Theravada Buddhists believe that only monks can achieve nirvana, not laypersons. Theravada Buddhism is found primarily in South East Asian countries.

Mahayana Buddhism is a little more open, and it is said that laypeople are indeed, able to achieve nirvana; however, some forego that opportunity to achieve the state, and choose to be reborn to help others achieve enlightenment. Wisdom and compassion are the driving forces in Mahayana Buddhism, and it is popular in China and Japan, among other places. Zen Buddhism follows the practice of Mahayana, and some celebrities including Richard Gere, are practicing Buddhists.

Vajrayana is similar to the some Buddhist practices of Japan, and is the school of Buddhism practiced by the Tibetan Buddhists. Although it is a separate branch of Buddhism, it is close in many ways to Mahayana Buddhism (Molloy, p.170). The Dalai Lama is the head of Tibetan Buddhism, and is thought to be a direct descendent of other reincarnations of the Buddha. Vajrayana makes use of rituals, chants, practicing meditation, and live a non-violent existence - like all other Buddhists. Vajrayana is a blend of early Tibetan religion and Tantric Buddhism introduced from India.

Reference

Molloy, M. (2010). Experiencing the World's Religions. Tradition, Challenge and Change. (5th.ed). New York, NY : McGraw-Hill.